Personal VIM cheatsheet.

Useful Websites

Commands

q/ - opens search history window
q: - opens command history window
:g!/dont/d - delete all lines not containing the string dont
- g - is the global command
- d - stands for delete
- ! - inverts the matching
:g/delete-me/d - delete all lines containing the string delete-me
:!command - executes an external command.
:r or :read - read command
- :r FILENAME - retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the cursor position.
- :r !ls - reads the output of the dir command and puts it below the cursor position.
R - replace mode. Like insert mode but deletes existing characters
When typing a : command, press Ctrl-d to see possible completions. Press <TAB> to use one completion.
q/ - opens a command window with history of searches
q: - opens a command window with history of Ex commands
2,$!sort -k2 - execute sort cmd in terminal on lines 2-end with -k2 arg to sort by items in second column
edit %:h - edit active file directory

Copy & move

:copy or :co or :t :move or :m

:copy $ - copy current line to the end
:t6 - copy current line below line 6
:6t. - copy line 6 below current line
:m$ - move current line at the end of the file

Normal cmd

:.,$normal A; - append ; at the end of each line from the current one till the last one

Under the hood

:{start},{end}{command}
- . - current line
- $ - last line
- 1 - first line
- 0 - zero line (used when you move test to beginning for example :move 0)
- % - all lines in the file
- < - start of visual selection
- > - end of visual selection
:1,10d - delete lines 1-10
- :.,$copy - copy from current line . till the end $

Substitute cmds

:s is just shortcut for :substitute

:s/old/new - to substitute new for the first old in a line
:s/old/new/g - to substitute new for all old's on a line
:#,#s/old/new/g - to substitute phrases between two line #'s
:%s/old/new/g - to substitute all occurrences in the file
:%s/old/new/gc - to ask for confirmation each time add c

Project-wide search and replace

/Rg "old" # will populate quick-fix list
:cfdo %s/old/new/gc # will ask you if you want to replace 'old' with 'new' for each occurence in quick-fix list
:wa #write all to disk

Search

/\ccase insensitive search - use \c switch
/\Ccase sensitive search - use \C switch
g* search for word under cursor with partial word matching

Text editing

daw deletes the whole word wherever the cursor is
dip delete inside paragraph
das delete around sentence
di{ delete inside { curly braces
vip visual select inside paragraph
cip change inside paragraph
gU - change text to UPPERCASE
gu - change text to lowercase

Navigation

Ctrl+o - back
Ctrl+i - forward
- :jumps - displays jumps for current window
<number> + G go to line
Ctrl+g shows info about current position within the file in the bottom line
H - Highest line on the screen
M - Middle line on the screen
L - Lowest line on the screen
zt - scroll view so that cursor is aligned to the top
zz - scroll view so thet cursor is aligned in the middle
zb - scroll view so that cursor is aligned to the bottom

Automatic Marks

" position before the last jump within current file
'. location of last change
'^ location of last insertion
'[ start of last change or yank
'] end of last change or yank
'< start of last visual selection
'> end of last visual selection

Tabs

gt (or :tabn) - to go to next tab
gT (or :tabp or :tabN) - to go to previous tab
#gt (or :tabn #) - to go to #th tab

Motions

g; - go to most recent modification in the document
- press again and you go to most recent - 1
`. go to most recent modification
`^ go to last insertion
0 go to the start of the line
^ go to the first character on the line

Spell checking

:setlocal spell enable spell checking
:set nospell disable spell check
]s move to next misspelled word
[s move to previous misspeled word
zg mark word as a good word
zG mark good just for current instance (will be lost after restart)
zw mark word as wrong word
zW mark word as wrong word for current instance
z= suggest correction

Netrw explorer

- go one level up in direcotry tree
:Vex vertical split
:Sex horizontal split
% create new file
R rename file
D delete file
d create new dir
i change view

Registers (a.k.a. clipboard)

"{register-name}{y|p|d}
"byy copy to b register
"bp paster from b register
"bdd delete to b register
o register holds what was yanked most recently
lowercase letter overwrites register, uppercase appends to it
"_ black hole register - a place from which nothing returns
* register references system clipboard ("*p, "*y)

Buffers

:buffers or :ls to list all open buffers
:ball opens all buffers in windows
:bd close current buffer (buffer delete)
:bnext or :bn
:bprev or :bp
%bd delete all unsaved buffers (it will refuse to delete unsaved ones)

Windows

Ctrl+w = resize windows equally
Ctrl+w 10 > change width to left by 10
Ctrl+w 10 < change width to right by 10
Ctrl+w 10 + incerease height by 10
Ctrl+w 10 - decrease height by 10
:res[ize] +10 increase window height/width by 10
:res[ize] -10 decrease window height/width by 10
z10 set height/width to 10
:only[!] close all other windows except this one (add ! to close even unsaved ones)

Splits

Ctrl+w followed by capital H,J,K or L will move the current window to the far left, bottom, top or right respectively like normal cursor navigation
Ctrl+w followed by Shift+T will move split to new tab

Insert mode

Ctrl+w delete back one word
Ctrl+u delete all entered characters before the cursor
Ctrl+h delete one character (backspace)
Ctrl+o enters Insert Normal Mode -> You can execute one command (e.g.: zz) and then return back to Insert mode

Visual mode

Ctrl+v block-wise visual mode
gv reselect the last visual selection
o go to the other end of visual selection

Folding

Collapsing multiple lines of text into single line

zf{motion} - fold (e.g.: zf{ folds inside {} brackets)
za - toggle fold
zR - open all folds in current buffer
zM - close all folds in current buffer
zc - close fold
zo - open fold
zd - delete fold under cursor (not text, just fold)

Macros

q{a-z} to record
@{a-z} to replay
@@ to replay the most recently replayed macro

External commands

:%!<command> - runs external command with current buffer content
:%!sort will run sort with current buffer

Notes

Little-known Browser JavaScript APIs

Bookmarks

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